How to Conjugate re Verbs​ French

Quick rule (the two stems)

  • Default stem (most tenses) = infinitive minus -re → example: vendre → vend-.
  • Future / conditionnel stem = infinitive minus final e → example: vendre → vendr-.

Mnemonic: “Drop -re; drop the last e for the future.”

Present (indicatif)

Add the below endings to the stem

je -sje vends
tu -stu vends
il/elle/on (no ending) → il vend
nous -onsnous vendons
vous -ezvous vendez
ils/elles -entils vendent

Tip: -ent is written but usually silent. The two singulars both end in -s.

Other Tenses conjugation for re verbs

  • Passé composé = avoir + participe passé (stem + -u)J’ai vendu.
    → Note: some motion/state verbs (ex.: monter, descendre, sortir, rentrer, retourner) use être only when intransitive; with a direct object they use avoir.
  • Imparfait = (nous present) minus -ons + -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aientje vendais, nous vendions…
  • Futur simple = future stem + -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ontje vendrai
  • Conditionnel présent = future stem + imparfait endingsje vendrais
  • Subjonctif présent = ils present minus -ent + -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -entque je vende
  • Impératif (tu / nous / vous): use present — tu keeps the -s for regular -re: vends ! — vendons ! — vendez !

Participles and gérondif

  • Participe présent: stem + -antvendant
  • Participe passé: stem + -uvendu
  • Gérondif: en + participe présent → en vendant

Regular re verbs in French:

  • détendre — to relax / loosen
  • tendre — to stretch / offer / aim
  • prétendre — to claim
  • répandre — to spread / spill
  • confondre — to confuse
  • fondre — to melt
  • fendre — to split
  • rompre — to break
  • mordre — to bite
  • tordre — to twist
  • pendre — to hang
  • suspendre — to suspend / hang up
  • pondre — to lay (eggs)

Common irregular -re verbs

These change stem and/or participe passé (must be memorized). Learn by family:

  • prendrepris (family: apprendre, comprendre, reprendre)
  • mettremis (family: permettre, promettre)
  • lirelu
  • diredit
  • écrireécrit
  • conduireconduit (family: produire, traduire)
  • craindrecraint
  • rireri

Mini-tip: spotting the ils form (e.g., ils prennent) often reveals irregular stems for the rest of the paradigm.

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