Conjugation of French Verb Espérer

Infinitif : espérer • Part. présent : espérant • Part. passé : espéré • Auxiliaire : avoir

Below are conjugation tables for espérer, arranged so you can understand its use for each tense, and see a natural example + translation.

Meaning: espérer = to hope (also: to expect, to look forward to).

Pronunciation: 

  • espéreress-peh-RAY — IPA: /ɛs.pe.ʁe/
  • Participe présent espérant — IPA: /ɛs.pe.ʁɑ̃/
  • Participe passé espéré — IPA: /ɛs.pe.ʁe/

Accent pattern to remember: 

The verb alternates between é and è in present and subjunctive forms: singular & ils/elles use è (j’espère, il espère, ils espèrent), while nous/vous keep é (nous espérons, vous espérez).

Espérer is an extremely common -er verb. Its spelling/pronunciation alternation (é ↔ è) is regular and predictable: memorize the pattern and the stems, then apply normal -er endings. Use the tables below for conjugation patterns and natural example sentences.

Présent — Present

Use: present actions; mental states (I hope that…).

PersonneFormeExample for Practice
jej’espèreFrench: J’espère que tout ira bien.
English: I hope everything will be fine.
tutu espèresFrench: Tu espères des nouvelles bientôt ?
English: Do you expect news soon?
il/elle/onil espèreFrench: Il espère une réponse positive.
English: He hopes for a positive answer.
nousnous espéronsFrench: Nous espérons des jours meilleurs.
English: We hope for better days.
vousvous espérezFrench: Vous espérez encore ?
English: Are you still hoping?
ils/ellesils espèrentFrench: Elles espèrent gagner.
English: They hope to win.

Passé composé — Present perfect / simple past

Use: completed past action.

PersonneFormeExample for Practice
jej’ai espéréFrench: J’ai espéré une réponse avant de partir.
English: I hoped for an answer before leaving.
tutu as espéréFrench: Tu as espéré trop longtemps.
English: You hoped for too long.
il/elle/onil a espéréFrench: Il a espéré jusqu’au dernier moment.
English: He hoped until the last moment.
nousnous avons espéréFrench: Nous avons espéré en silence.
English: We hoped in silence.
vousvous avez espéréFrench: Vous avez espéré un miracle.
English: You hoped for a miracle.
ils/ellesils ont espéréFrench: Ils ont espéré une amélioration.
English: They hoped for an improvement.

Imparfait — Imperfect (past habit / background)

Use: repeated/ongoing past actions; background.

PersonneFormeExample for Practice
jej’espéraisFrench: Quand j’étais jeune, j’espérais un monde meilleur.
English: When I was young, I hoped for a better world.
tutu espéraisFrench: Tu espérais toujours des cadeaux.
English: You always hoped for presents.
il/elle/onil espéraitFrench: Il espérait changer les choses.
English: He hoped to change things.
nousnous espérionsFrench: Nous espérions une solution durable.
English: We were hoping for a lasting solution.
vousvous espériezFrench: Vous espériez de meilleurs résultats.
English: You hoped for better results.
ils/ellesils espéraientFrench: Ils espéraient le retour du printemps.
English: They hoped for the return of spring.

Plus-que-parfait — Pluperfect (had done)

Use: action completed before another past action.

PersonneFormeExample for Practice
jej’avais espéréFrench: J’avais espéré une amélioration avant le bilan.
English: I had hoped for an improvement before the review.
tutu avais espéréFrench: Tu avais espéré partir plus tôt.
English: You had hoped to leave earlier.
il/elle/onil avait espéréFrench: Elle avait espéré un geste de sa part.
English: She had hoped for a gesture from him.
nousnous avions espéréFrench: Nous avions espéré un accord.
English: We had hoped for an agreement.
vousvous aviez espéréFrench: Vous aviez espéré mieux.
English: You had hoped for better.
ils/ellesils avaient espéréFrench: Ils avaient espéré la victoire.
English: They had hoped for the victory.

Futur simple — Future (will do)

Use: simple future — “will hope / will expect.”
Stem: espérer-

PersonneFormeExample for Practice
jej’espéreraiFrench: J’espérerai des nouvelles bientôt.
English: I will hope for news soon.
tutu espérerasFrench: Tu espéreras une réponse rapide.
English: You will expect a quick reply.
il/elle/onil espéreraFrench: Il espérera le meilleur.
English: He will hope for the best.
nousnous espéreronsFrench: Nous espérerons une solution rapide.
English: We will hope for a quick solution.
vousvous espérerezFrench: Vous espérerez moins, peut-être.
English: You will hope less, perhaps.
ils/ellesils espérerontFrench: Ils espéreront la réussite.
English: They will hope for success.

Conditionnel présent — Conditional (would)

Use: hypothetical / polite expressions — “would hope / would expect.”
Stem: espérer-

PersonneFormeExample for Practice
jej’espéreraisFrench: J’espérerais pouvoir vous aider.
English: I would hope to be able to help you.
tutu espéreraisFrench: Tu espérerais une réponse différente.
English: You would expect a different reply.
il/elle/onil espéreraitFrench: Il espérerait plus de soutien.
English: He would hope for more support.
nousnous espérerionsFrench: Nous espérerions un compromis.
English: We would hope for a compromise.
vousvous espéreriezFrench: Vous espéreriez une invitation ?
English: Would you expect an invitation?
ils/ellesils espéreraientFrench: Ils espéreraient un résultat positif.
English: They would hope for a positive result.

Subjonctif présent — Subjunctive (necessity / doubt / desire)

Use: after expressions of necessity, doubt, desire, emotion — rarely used after espérer in modern French (prefer indicative).

PersonneFormeExample for Practice
que jej’espère (subj. written: que j’espère)French: J’espère que je réussirai cet entretien.
English: I hope that I will succeed in this interview.
que tutu espèresFrench: J’espère que tu trouveras une solution.
English: I hope you’ll find a solution.
qu’il/elle/onil espèreFrench: J’espère qu’il viendra demain.
English: I hope he’ll come tomorrow.
que nousnous espérionsFrench: Il faut que nous espérions le meilleur.
English: We must hope for the best.
que vousvous espériezFrench: Je veux que vous espériez avec réalisme.
English: I want you to hope realistically.
qu’ils/ellesils espèrentFrench: J’espère qu’ils arriveront à l’heure.
English: I hope they will arrive on time.

Grammar note: The subjunctive forms exist and mirror the é/è alternation (singular & ils use è, nous/vous use é), but after espérer que French speakers normally use the indicative (J’espère qu’il viendra), not the subjunctive.

Impératif — Imperative (commands / suggestions)

PersonneFormeExample for Practice
(tu)espèreFrench: Espère le meilleur !
English: Hope for the best!
(nous)espéronsFrench: Espérons ensemble.
English: Let’s hope together.
(vous)espérezFrench: Espérez ce qui est possible.
English: Hope for what is possible.

(Imperative is less common for espérer but used in exhortations.)

Passé simple — Literary past (written past)

Use: literary / formal writing (rare in speech).

PersonneFormeExample for Practice
jej’espéraiFrench: J’espérai en silence.
English: I hoped in silence.
tutu espérasFrench: Tu espéras un signe.
English: You hoped for a sign.
il/elle/onil espéraFrench: Il espéra jusqu’à la fin.
English: He hoped until the end.
nousnous espérâmesFrench: Nous espérâmes le meilleur.
English: We hoped for the best.
vousvous espérâtesFrench: Vous espérâtes en vain.
English: You hoped in vain.
ils/ellesils espérèrentFrench: Ils espérèrent des jours meilleurs.
English: They hoped for better days.

Espérer Constructions

ConstructionMeaningExampleNotes
espérer + que + [clause]to hope that (someone/something will / has done X)J’espère qu’il viendra.I hope that he will come.Usually followed by the indicative (not the subjunctive) in affirmative sentences.
espérer + infinitifto hope to (do something) — expresses the subject’s own intention/wish to do XJ’espère réussir.I hope to succeed.Use this when the subject of espérer and the infinitive is the same (I hope I will succeed).

General note:

espérer is neutral and common in both spoken and written French. Prefer the indicative after espérer que; use the infinitive form when the action is by the same subject.

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